The launch of ADEOS I aboard an H-II rocket |
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| Operator | NASDA (with NASA and CNES) |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Environmental monitoring, observation |
| Satellite of | Earth |
| Launch date | 1996-08-17 01:53:00 UTC[1] |
| Launch vehicle | H-II |
| Launch site | Tanegashima Space Center |
| Mass | 3500 kg |
| Orbital elements | |
| Regime | Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent[2] |
| Inclination | 98.6° |
| Orbital period | 101 minutes |
| Instruments | |
| Main instruments | OCTS, AVNIR, NSCAT, TOMS, POLDER, IMG, ILAS, RIS |
ADEOS I (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 1) was an Earth observation satellite[3] launched by NASDA in 1996.[4][5] The mission's Japanese name, Midori, means "green".[6]
The mission ended in July 1997 after the satellite sustained structural damage to the solar panel array.[4] Its successor, ADEOS II, was launched in 2002. Like the first mission, it ended after less than a year[6] – also following solar panel malfunctions.[7]
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ADEOS was designed to observe Earth's environmental changes, focusing on global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, and deforestation.[6]
On board the satellite are eight instruments developed by NASDA, NASA, and CNES. The Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) is a whisk broom radiometer developed by NASDA.[3] The Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR), an optoelectronic scanning radiometer with CCD detectors, was also produced by NASDA.[3] The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), developed with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, used fan-beam Doppler signals to measure wind speeds over bodies of water.[3] The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was built by CNES to study changes to Earth's ozone layer.[3] The Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (POLDER) device was also developed by CNES, and was also launched on ADEOS II.[3] The Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) was developed by NASDA and the Environment Agency of Japan, and used grating spectrometers to measure the properties of trace gases using solar occultation.[3] The Retroreflector in Space (RIS) and Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (IMG) were both developed by Japan, and studied atmospheric trace gases and greenhouse gases respectively.[3]
On 28 August 1996, the satellite adjusted its attitude to control its orbit. As a result of this manoeuvre, the solar panel received sunlight from the rear. This caused the solar paddle mast to expand and the panel blanket to contract, placing tension on a soldered joint on the paddle, which eventually broke.[4]
The final communication from the satellite was received at 07:21 UTC on 30 June 1997,[4] 9 months after launch.[6]
The subsequent investigation into the mission's failure identified that a solder point on the solar cell paddle had broken down, causing a malfunction.[4]
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